30 Mayıs 2013 Perşembe

The Verb Menorah

Exodus, 20.


ג  לֹא-תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ פֶסֶל, וְכָל-תְּמוּנָה, אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׁמַיִם מִמַּעַל, וַאֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ מִתָּחַת--וַאֲשֶׁר בַּמַּיִם, מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ.3 Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image, nor any manner of likeness, of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth;
ד  לֹא-תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לָהֶם, וְלֹא תָעָבְדֵם:  כִּי אָנֹכִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ, אֵל קַנָּא--פֹּקֵד עֲו‍ֹן אָבֹת עַל-בָּנִים עַל-שִׁלֵּשִׁים וְעַל-רִבֵּעִים, לְשֹׂנְאָי.4 thou shalt not bow down unto them, nor serve them; for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate Me;
ה  וְעֹשֶׂה חֶסֶד, לַאֲלָפִים--לְאֹהֲבַי, וּלְשֹׁמְרֵי מִצְו‍ֹתָי.  {ס}5 and showing mercy unto the thousandth generation of them that love Me and keep My commandments. {S}
ו  לֹא תִשָּׂא אֶת-שֵׁם-יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ, לַשָּׁוְא:  כִּי לֹא יְנַקֶּה יְהוָה, אֵת אֲשֶׁר-יִשָּׂא אֶת-שְׁמוֹ לַשָּׁוְא.  {פ}6 Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain. {P}
ז  זָכוֹר אֶת-יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת, לְקַדְּשׁוֹ.7 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
ח  שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תַּעֲבֹד, וְעָשִׂיתָ כָּל-מְלַאכְתֶּךָ.8 Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work;
ט  וְיוֹם, הַשְּׁבִיעִי--שַׁבָּת, לַיהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ:  לֹא-תַעֲשֶׂה כָל-מְלָאכָה אַתָּה וּבִנְךָ וּבִתֶּךָ, עַבְדְּךָ וַאֲמָתְךָ וּבְהֶמְתֶּךָ, וְגֵרְךָ, אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ.9 but the seventh day is a sabbath unto the LORD thy God, in it thou shalt not do any manner of work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates;
י  כִּי שֵׁשֶׁת-יָמִים עָשָׂה יְהוָה אֶת-הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֶת-הָאָרֶץ, אֶת-הַיָּם וְאֶת-כָּל-אֲשֶׁר-בָּם, וַיָּנַח, בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי; עַל-כֵּן, בֵּרַךְ יְהוָה אֶת-יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת--וַיְקַדְּשֵׁהוּ.  {ס}10 for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested on the seventh day; wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. {S}
יא  כַּבֵּד אֶת-אָבִיךָ, וְאֶת-אִמֶּךָ--לְמַעַן, יַאֲרִכוּן יָמֶיךָ, עַל הָאֲדָמָה, אֲשֶׁר-יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לָךְ.  {ס}11 Honour thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. {S}
יב  לֹא תִרְצָח,  {ס}  לֹא תִנְאָף;  {ס}  לֹא תִגְנֹב,  {ס}  לֹא-תַעֲנֶה בְרֵעֲךָ עֵד שָׁקֶר.  {ס}12 Thou shalt not murder. {S} Thou shalt not commit adultery.{S} Thou shalt not steal. {S} Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. {S}
יג  לֹא תַחְמֹד, בֵּית רֵעֶךָ;  {ס}  לֹא-תַחְמֹד אֵשֶׁת רֵעֶךָ, וְעַבְדּוֹ וַאֲמָתוֹ וְשׁוֹרוֹ וַחֲמֹרוֹ, וְכֹל, אֲשֶׁר לְרֵעֶךָ.  {פ}13 Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house; {S} thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's. {P}

Arabic - Hebrew -Syriac - Greek

28 Mayıs 2013 Salı

Turkish alphabet

LetterIPAEnglish
approximation
LetterIPAEnglish
approximation
Aa/a/As a in fatherMm/m/As m in man
Bb/b/As b in boyNn/n/As n in nice
Cc/d͡ʒ/As j in joyOo/o/As o in more
Çç/t͡ʃ/As ch in chairÖö/ø/As i in bird
Dd/d/As d in dogPp/p/As p in pin
Ee/e/[1]As e in redRr/ɾ/[2]As r in rat
Ff/f/As f in farSs/s/As s in song
Gg/ɡ/, /ɟ/As g in gotŞş/ʃ/As sh in show
Ğğ/ː/, /‿/, /ʲ/As gh in dough [3]Tt/t/As t in tick
Hh/h/As h in hotUu/u/As u in zoo
Iı/ɯ/As e in openÜü/y/As ue in cute
İi/i/As ee in feetVv/ʋ/, /v/As v in vacation
Jj/ʒ/As s in measureYy/j/As y in yes
Kk/k/, /c/As k in kitZz/z/As z in zigzag
Ll/ɫ/, /l/As l in love

Tatar alphabet

Letters and symbols of the Tatar Cyrillic alphabet
CapitalSmallCorrespondence to ZamanälifISO-9NamePronunciationNotes
Ааaaа /a/[a]
Әәääә /æ/[æ]
Ббbbбэ /be/[b]
Ввw, vvвэ /we/[w]; [v]
Ггg, ğgгэ /ɡe/[ɡ]; [ɣ]
Ддddдэ /de/[d]
Ееe, ye, yıeйе /je/, йы /jɤ/[je]; [jɤ]; [e]
Ёёyoëйо /jo/[jo]
Жжjžжэ /ʒe/[ʒ]
Җҗcẓ̌җэ /ʑe/[ʑ]
Ззzzзэ /ze/[z]
Ииiiи /i/[i]
Ййyjкыска и /qɤsˈqɑ ˈi/[j]
Ккk, qkка /qɑ/[k]; [q]
Ллllэль /el/[l]
Ммmmэм /em/[m]
Ннnnэн /en/[n]
Ңңñņэң /eŋ/[ŋ]
Ооooо /o/[o]
Өөöôө /ø/[ø]
Ппppпэ /pe/[p]
Ррrrэр /er/[r]
Ссssэс /es/[s]
Ттttтэ /te/[t]
Ууu, wuУ /u/[u]; [w]
Үүü, wùҮ /y/[y]; [w]
Ффffэф /ef/[f]
Ххxhха /xa/[x]
Һһhһэ /he/[h]
Ццts, scцэ /tse/[t͡s]
Ччçčчэ /ɕe/[ɕ]
Шшşšша /ʃa/[ʃ]
Щщşçŝща /ʃɕa/[ʃɕ]
Ъъ'калынлык билгесе /qɑlɤnˈlɤq bilɡeˈse/[ʔ]калынлык һәм аеру билгесе
Ыыıyы /ɤ/[ɤ]
Ьь'нечкәлек билгесе /neɕkæˈlek bilɡeˈse/[ʔ]нечкәлек һәм аеру билгесе
Ээe, 'èэ /e/[e]; [ʔ]
Ююyu, yüûйу /ju/[ju]; [jy]
Яяya, yäâйа /ja/[ja]; [jæ]

Uzbek alphabet

LatinCyrillicIPAEnglish Approximation
A aА а/a, æ/chai, but
B bБ б/b/bat
D dД д/d̪/den
E eЕ е / Э э/e/[N 1]sleigh
F fФ ф/ɸ/fish
G gГ г/ɡ/go
H hҲ ҳ/h/hoe
I iИ и/i, ɨ/me
J jЖ ж/dʒ/joke
K kК к/k/cold
L lЛ л/l/list
M mМ м/m/man
N nН н/n/next
O oО о/ɒ, o/hot, go (Received Pronunciation)
P pП п/p/pin
Q qҚ қ/q/like a "k" but further back in the mouth
R rР р/r/(trilled) rat
S sС с/s/sick
T tТ т/t̪/toe
U uУ у/ɘ, ɤ, ø/fur
V vВ в/v, w/van
X xХ х/χ/"ch" as in German "Bach" or Scottish "loch"
Y yЙ й/j/yes
Z zЗ з/z/zebra
Oʻ oʻЎ ў/u; ə/put (also represents a second vowel in some dialects, similar to the mid-central vowel)
Gʻ gʻҒ ғ/ɣ/like a French "r"
Sh shШ ш/ʃ/shoe
Ch chЧ ч/tʃ/chew
ʼъ/ʔ/Both "ʼ" (tutuq belgisi) and "ъ" (ayirish belgisi) are used either (1) to mark the phonetic glottal stop when put immediately before a vowel or (2) to mark a long vowel when placed immediately after a vowel
Yo yoЁ ё/jo/yo
Yu yuЮ ю/ju/you
Ya yaЯ я/ja/yawn
S s / Ts tsЦ ц/ts/lets

Notes
Cyrillic "Е е" at the beginning of a word and after a vowel is "Ye ye" in Latin.

Kyrgyz alphabet


CyrillicName (in Cyrillic)Arabic[2]TransliterationLatin
(1928—1940)
IPA transcription
А ааاA aA a/ɑ/
Б ббеبB bB в/b/, [w], [v]
В ввеۋV vV v/v/
Г ггеگ
ع*
G gG g,Ƣ ƣ/ɡ/ [ʁ]
Д ддеدD dD d/d/
Е еeهE eE e/je/, /e/
Ё ёёيوYo yoYo yo/jo/
Ж жжеجJ jÇ ç (Ƶƶ from 1938)/dʒ/
З ззеزZ zZ z/z/
И ииىI iI i/i/
Й йийيY yJ j/j/
К ккaك
ق*
K kK k, Q q/k/, [q], [χ]
Л лэлلL lL l/l/
М мэмمM mM m/m/
Н нэнنN nN n/n/
Ң ңыңڭNg ngŊ ŋ/ŋ/
О ооوO oO o/o/
Ө өөۅÖ öƟ ɵ/ø/
П ппeپP pP p/p/
Р рэрرR rR r/r/
С сэсسS sS s/s/
Т ттеتT tT t/t/
У ууۇU uU u/u/
Ү үүۉÜ üY y/y/
Ф фэфفF fF f/f/
Х ххаحKh khX x (H h before 1938)[χ] /k/
Ц ццеتسTs tsTs ts/ts/
Ч ччеچCh chC c/tʃ/
Ш шшаشSh shŞ ş/ʃ/
Щ щща-Shch shchŞc şc/ʃtʃ/, /ʃː/
Ъ ъажыратуу белгиси--(no phonemic value; only found in borrowings)
Ы ыыىY yЬ ь/ɯ/
Ь ьичкертүү белгиси--(no phonemic value; only found in borrowings)
Э ээهE eE e/e/
Ю ююيۋYu yuYu yu/ju/, /jy/
Я яяياYa yaYa ya/ja/, /jɑ/